An intercom can be defined as a type of communication device which allows for communication between two or more places via a wire network or transmitted. It does not involve any telephone network and normally operates independently from other power sources or communication devices. The word intercom stands for “intercommunication” and is mostly used for security reasons at security doors or entrances where permission must be obtained to enter. Some intercoms work only with voice communication while other intercom systems have sophisticated imagery technology that can assist with the identification of the party who needs to gain entry.
Intercoms can also be connected to a system which will allow a public address system, interpersonal communication devices such as a walkie talkie, telephones or security cameras, or security systems which can control the open and closing of locks and switching on and off of lights.
Intercoms can be installed as permanent fixtures or can be portable. For instance, most private homes with security gates will have a system which is permanently fixed to that property through a network of wires and transmitters, and the hardware is pretty much permanently located where it has been installed. Permanent systems are installed in places such as schools and jails to ensure safety and identification.
In some cases, such as a venue which is erected for temporary use, such as a fair or outdoor event, portable intercom systems can be used. These work with a central energy point and transmitted with wireless components which will not require permanent installation and can be moved around from venue to venue to assist both with security and organisation, as well as with emergencies.
In other cases, such as sports stadiums or concert venues, the permanent intercom system can be combined with a portable one to enable better communication.
Every intercom system requires some basic parts to function. These normally comprise a base station which is the central point of communication, and is normally the point that can communicate with all the other intercoms, whether they are portable or permanent. A substation can only communicate directly with the base station. Door stations are normally weather resistant and can only communicate with the base station.
